CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
OF RESEARCH
In this chapter, the
writer will discuss about subject and object of research, data, source of data,
and technique of data collection, technique
of data processing and analyzing, design of measurement, and research
procedure.
A. Subject and Object of Research
1.
Subject of Research
In order to research the entire
student subject at
State of Vacational Secondary School (SMKN) 1 Pugaan Tabalong Regency. The
writer taken the tenth grade year students of SMKN 1 Pugaan as the subject. The
choice of the subject was based on the fact that the students have studied the
use of simple present tense and has been taught several types in using simple
present tense since they were at the SMP or MTs first year. Based on this
consideration, the writer assumed that the students had the basic knowledge of
the use of simple present tense.
The total numbers of
the subjects of this research is 38 students of the tenth grade of office administration (Administrasi Perkantoran (AP). They are consists of 12 males student and of 26 females student.
For more information about the subject
can be seen in the following table:
TABLE 1
TOTAL
NUMBERS OF THE SUBJECT AT SMKN
1 PUGAAN TABALONG REGENCY
|
Number
|
Class
|
Gender
|
Total
|
|
Males
|
Females
|
|
1
|
X
AP
|
12
|
26
|
38
|
|
Total
|
12
|
26
|
38
|
2.
Object of Research
The
object of this research is to know the student’s ability in using simple
present tense at SMKN 1 Pugaan Tabalong Regency in writing.
B. Data, Sources of Data and
Technique of Data Collection
1.
Data
The
data will be explored in this research are two kinds: primary data and
supporting data.
a.
Primary
Data
1.
Data
about kind of the student’s problems in using simple present tense at SMKN 1 Pugaan
Tabalong Regency, they are:
a. The ability to make
possitive sentences.
b. The ability to make
negative sentences.
c. The ability to make
interrogative sentences.
d. The ability to add
adverb in sentence.
e. The
ability add –s or es at the end of the verbs in
sentences.
f. The
ability add to be in sentence.
2. To complete the primary data, the
writer also collects the other data.
The other data discuss about
possible causes of the problem.
b. Supporting data (secondary data)
To complete primary data needed the other data (supporting
data), the supporting data is about object of research, which includes:
a.
The brief history of SMKN 1 Pugaan.
b.
Description of school facilities.
c.
Description of teachers, administration
staff and other workers, and students (respondents) at SMKN 1 pugaan tabalong
regency.
2. Source
of Data
Source of data is collected the data. The data that
will use in this research. is sourced on as follows:
a. Respondents : 38 students
b. Informants : Headmaster, Administration Staff, and Students of the tenth
grade Students of SMKN 1 Pugaan Tabalong Regency.
3.
Technique of Data Collection
To perform
data searching techniques in the location, the writer uses the various
techniques, which includes:
a.
Written
test
This technique is used to get the data about student’s problems using simple
present tense, which was related to the usage of simple present tense in
writing. All of the questions on the written test have been studied before. The
data that is taken from written test is done by respondents.
b.
Observation
This technique on which the
writer directly comes to observe details about the condition of SMKN 1 Pugaan Tabalong
Regency.
c.
Interview
This technique will be given to headmaster,
administration staff with interview guidance has prepared. This technique is used
to obtain data from respondents about about the location of research and as a
complement to check back then to complete the data that may have not been yet
through other techniques.
d.
Documentary
This one is used to complete the
data through the documents to get the data about research result of study, describe
the school. It is needed all the things that will be needed in this research.
Concerning the data, source of
the data, and technique of the data collecting, which are used in this research,
it can be seen in this following matrix below:
MATRIX
DATA, SOURCE OF DATA AND
TECHNIQUE OF DATA COLLECTION
|
No
|
Data
|
Source
of Data
|
Technique of Data collection
|
|
1.
|
2.
|
3.
|
4.
|
|
A
|
Primary
Data
1. Data about kinds of the
students’ problem in using simple present tense.
a) The ability to make
possitive sentences.
b) The ability to make
negative sentences.
c) The ability to make
interrogative sentences.
d) The ability to add
adverb in sentence.
e) The
ability add –s or es at the end of the verbs in
sentences.
f) The
ability add to be in sentence.
2. The possible causes of the problem.
a. Cause of interference of mother
tongue.
a) Overgeneralization.
b) Ignorance of rule restriction.
c) Incomplete application of
rules.
d)
False
concept hypothesis.
|
Students
Students
|
Written Test
Document
(students’ answer sheet)
|
The
continuing of the matrix above
|
No
|
Data
|
Source
of Data
|
Technique of Data collection
|
|
1.
|
2.
|
3.
|
4.
|
|
B.
|
Supporting
data
The
general description about research location includes:
a. The brief history of SMKN 1
Pugaan Tabalong Regency.
b. Description of school
facilities.
c. Description of Teacher, Administration
Staff and Students (respondents) at SMKN 1 Pugaan Tabalong Regency
|
Headmaster, Administration
staff
|
Observation, Interview &
Documentary
|
C. Basic Frame Work of Research
In this study, the writer would
like to know the students’ problems in using simple present tense in writing and
the result will be presented in Chapter IV. From the analysis, the writer would
show the most dominant problems in using simple present tense and show the
possible causes of those.
Based on the explanation above, there are two variables will be collected in
this study; they are dependent variable and independent variable. Dependent
variable is about the
students’ problems in using simple present tense at SMKN 1 Pugaan Tabalong
Regency, which is symbolized “Y”. And
Independent variable is about the factors which influence the
students’ problems in using simple present tense at MTsN Sungai Durian Tabalong
Regency, which is symbolized “X”.
For more information about the basic framework of this study can be
seen in the scheme below:
SCHEMA
|
Independent Variable
|
Dependent Variable
|
 X1
|
Y
|
|
|
|
X3
|
|
X 4
|
|
Which are:
Y : The
student’s problems in using simple present tense.
X : The possible causes of the student’s problem in
using simple present tense.
X1 : Overgeneralization.
X2 : Ignorance
of rule restriction.
X3 : Incomplete
application of rules.
X4 : False
concept hypothesis.
D. Technique of Data Processing and
Analyzing
1.
Technique of Data Processing
Once all the data collected through data
searching techniques obtained above, then the next step that the writer does is
to process the data to be given meaning in accordance with the issues raised.
The writer performs the data processing with the following steps;
a. Editing
This technique is used in purpose
of re-examining all the collected data to make certain whether they are already
complete or not.
b. Coding
The writer made classifications
all of data on the respondents’ answer that had been edited, in accordance with
their kinds and matter by making certain codes on all the collected data.
c. Classification
After making codes all collected
data, the writer classify them according to their kinds without changing the
data.
d. Scoring
The writer cores to the students’
answers.
e. Tabulating
The writer tabulates the problems
that students have.
2.
Technique of Data Analyzing
After performing the test on the subject of research, then
the writer analyzes them by using descriptive qualitative analysis and makes
conclusion by using inductive method. In this study, every fact is
investigated, analyzed and classified to establish a general conclusion about
the students who become respondents.
E. Design of Measurement
In this design of measurement used to know what the possible causes of the
problems are made by the tenth grade of administrative office students to answer
the questions. To measure
the problem in using simple present tense is by answering 25 written test. 15
items for multiple choices and 10 items for
subjective test. The total Maximum Expected Score (MES) of all question
is 100 points.
For measurement, for 25 questions, can be
formulated as follows:
-
15 items for
multiple choices per item will marked 2.
-
10 items for subjective test per item
will be marked 1 and,
-
5 items for
subjective test per item will be marked 2.
Then, they are divided into five categories:
|
No
|
Score
|
Category
|
|
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
|
81 – 100
61 – 80
41 – 60
21 – 40
0 – 20
|
=
very low problem (VL Problem)
=
low problem (L Problem)
=
average problem (A Problem)
=
high problem (H Problem)
=
very high problem (VH Problem)
|
After the
writer gives score them, then count the mean with the following formula:
F. Research Procedure
They
are some steps that are passed thought in completing this research, those are:
1.
Preliminary
step
a.
To
hold a prior observation in the research sample.
b.
To
make a research design proposal to be submitted to the Islamic Education
Faculty Paper Bureau of Islamic College of Rasyidiyah Khalidiyah Education
Faculty (STAI RAKHA) Amuntai.
c.
To
discuss the result of the previous observation the counselor.
2.
Preparatory
step
a.
To
hold a seminar of the research design proposal.
b.
To
ask the Dean of Islamic College of Rasyidiyah Khalidiyah Education Faculty for
written mandate to conduct the research.
c.
To
make the data instrument.
3.
Research
step
a.
Delivering the
research letter to the authorities.
b.
To
contact all respondents and informants who are needed, to obtain the research
data.
c.
To
collect all the needed data from several sources.
d.
To process the data in procedural way and then
analyze them properly.
4.
Final
step
a.
To
write the draft after all the obtained data are completed.
b.
To
consult the draft to advisor to have some contributions, corrections,
improvements, and comments.
c.
To
make a final writing and multiply the thesis.
d.
To present the
thesis to be examined before the board of examiners in the open forum.
X2